tontonton

The i sound

There are at least 12 i sounds. In terms of all possible i sounds, there is the basic most common i sound, the secondary i sound, and the tertiary i sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.

i	i	Like "ee" sound.	i
I	I	Like "ih" in "pit".	ɪ
i5	i$	German i sound.	y ɨ ʏ
i0	i&	Like nasal "ee" sound.	ḭ
I0	I&	Like nasal "ih" in "pit".	ɪ̰
i05	i$&	German nasal i sound.	y̰ ɨ̰ ʏ̰
i%	i_	Long "ee" sound.	iː
i%0	i&_	Long nasal "ee" sound.	ḭː
I%	I_	Long "ih".	ɪː
I%0	I&_	Long nasal "ih".	ɪ̰ː
i%5	i$_	Long German i sound.	yː ɨː
i%05	i$&_	Long German nasal i sound.	y̰ː ɨ̰ː

The e sound

There are at least 12 e sounds. In terms of all possible e sounds, there is the basic most common e sound, the secondary e sound, and the tertiary e sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.

e	e	Like "day" sound.	e
E	E	Like "eh" in "pet".	ɛ
e5	e$	Danish e sound.	ø
e0	e&	Like nasal "day" sound.	ḛ
E0	E&	Long nasal "eh" in "pet".	ɛ̰
e05	e$&	Danish nasal e sound.	ø̰
e%	e_	Long "day" sound.	eː
e%0	e&_	Long nasal "day" sound.	ḛː
E%	E_	Long "eh".	ɛː
E%0	E&_	Long nasal "eh".	ɛ̰ː
e%5	e$_	Long Danish e sound.	øː
e%05	e$&_	Long Danish nasal e sound.	ø̰ː

The a sound

There are at least 12 a sounds. In terms of all possible a sounds, there is the basic most common a sound, the secondary a sound, and the tertiary a sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.

a	a	Like "ah" in father sound.	a ɑ ä
A	A	Like "cat" or "mat" a sound.	æ
a5	a$	Danish a sound.	œ
a0	a&	Like nasal "ah" in father sound.	a̰
A0	A&	Like nasal "cat" or "mat" a sound.	æ̰
a05	a$&	Danish nasal a sound.	œ̰
a%	a_	Long "ah" sound.	aː
a%0	a&_	Long nasal "ah" sound.	a̰ː
A%	A_	Long "mat" a sound.	æː
A%0	A&_	Long nasal "mat" a sound.	æ̰ː
a%5	a$_	Long Danish a sound.	œː
a%05	a$&_	Long Danish nasal a sound.	œ̰ː

The o sound

There are at least 12 o sounds. In terms of all possible o sounds, there is the basic most common o sound, the secondary o sound, and the tertiary o sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.

o	o	Like "oh" sound.	o
O	O	Like "uuh" in "book" sound.	ʊ ɯ
1	o$	British oah sound.	ɔ
o0	o&	Like nasal "oh" sound.	o̰
O0	O&	Like nasal "uuh" in "book" sound.	ʊ̰ ɯ̰
10	o$&	British nasal oah sound.	ɔ̰
o%	o_	Long "oh" sound.	oː
o%0	o&_	Long nasal "oh" sound.	o̰ː
O%	O_	Long "uuh".	ʊː ɯː
O%0	O&_	Long nasal "uuh".	ʊ̰ː ɯ̰ː
1%	o$_	Long British oah sound.	ɔː
1%0	o$&_	Long British nasal oah sound.	ɔ̰ː

The u sound

There are at least 12 u sounds. In terms of all possible u sounds, there is the basic most common u sound, the secondary u sound, and the tertiary u sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.

u	u	Like "oo" in "you" sound.	u
U	U	Like "uh" in "up" sound.	ə ɞ ɐ ɘ ʌ
2	u$	English r sound (Tone treats this as a vowel).	ɹ
u0	u&	Like nasal "oo" in "you" sound.	ṵ
U0	U&	Like nasal "uh" in "up" sound.	ə̰ ʌ̰
20	u$&	English nasal r sound.	ɹ̰
u%	u_	Long "oo" sound.	uː
u%0	u&_	Long nasal "oo" sound.	ṵː
U%	U_	Long "uh".	əː ʌː
U%0	U&_	Long nasal "uh".	ə̰ː ʌ̰ː
2%	u$_	Long English r sound.	ɹː
2%0	u$&_	Long English nasal r sound.	ɹ̰ː

The m sound

There are at least 2 m sounds. Notice the English m and mmm have a similar shape.

m	m	Regular m	m
m3	my~	Palatalized m	mʲ

The n sound

There are at least 4 n sounds. Notice the English n and nnn have a similar shape.

n	n	Regular n	n
n%	nh~	Voiceless n
n3	ny~	Palatalized n	nʲ
n6	N	Retroflex n	ɳ

The q sound

There are at least 2 q sounds.

q	q	Regular ng	ŋ ɴ
q5	Q	Voiced pharygeal fricative (used a lot in Arabic/Hebrew)	ʕ

The g sound

There are at least 2 g sounds.

g	g	Regular g	ɡ ɢ
g^	gh~	Aspirated g	ɡʰ

The d sound

There are at least 7 d sounds. Notice the English d and ddd have a similar shape.

d	d	Regular d	d
d^	dh~	Aspirated d	dʰ
d66	dQ~	Pharyngealized d (used in Arabic)
d6	dG~	Velarized d	dˠ
d5	dy~	Palatalized d	dʲ
d4	D	Retroflex d	ɖ
d06	d?	Implosive d (used in Vietnamese, some African languages, etc.)	ɗ

The dj sound

There are at least 2 dj sounds.

dj	dj	Regular dj (as in "judge")	dʒ
dj^	djh~	Aspirated dj

The dz sound

There is at least 1 dz sound.

Regular dz

The b sound

There are at least 4 b sounds. Notice the English b and bbb have a similar shape.

b	b	Regular b	b
b^	bh~	Aspirated b	bʰ
b6	bG~	Velarized b	bˠ
b5	by~	Palatalized b	bʲ

The p sound

There are at least 5 p sounds.

p	p	Regular p	p
p9	p.	Stopping on the shape of p without saying it	p̚
p99	p@	Tense p (used in Korean)	p͈
p93	p!	Ejective p	pʼ
p%	ph~	Aspirated p	pʰ

The t sound

There are at least 8 t sounds.

t	t	Regular t	t
t0	t.	Stopping on the shape of t without saying it	t̚
t00	t@	Tense t (used in Korean)	t͈
t05	t!	Ejective t	tʼ
t^	th~	Aspirated t	tʰ
t5	ty~	Palatalized t	tʲ
t4	T	Retroflex t (used a lot in Indian languages)	ʈ
t4^	Th~	Aspirated retroflex t (used a lot in Indian languages)	ʈʰ

The ch sound

There are at least 5 ch sounds.

tx	tx	Regular ch sound (like English "chip")	tʃ
t4x4	TX	Retroflex ch sound (used in Chinese and Indian, for example)	ʈʂ
tx5	txy~	Palatalized ch sound (Used in Chinese, for example)	tɕ
tx^	txh~	Aspirated ch sound	tʃʰ
t4x4^	TXh~	Aspirated retroflex ch sound	ʈʂʰ

The k sound

There are at least 11 k sounds.

k	k	Regular k	k
k9	k.	Stopping on the shape of k without saying it	k̚
k99	k@	Tense k (used in Korean)	k͈
k93	k!	Ejective k	kʼ
k%	kh~	Aspirated k	kʰ
k3	ky~	Palatalized k	kʲ
k33	kw~	Labialized k	kʷ
k6	K	Deep guttural k (used a lot in Arabic, or Inuktitut)	q
k693	K!	Ejective deep guttural k (used a lot in Georgian)	qʼ
k6%	Kh~	Aspirated deep guttural k	qʰ
k633	Kw~	Labialized deep k	qʷ

The h sound

There are at least 2 h sounds.

h	h	Regular h	h
h5	H	Harsh h (used in Hebrew/Arabic a lot)	χ

The s sound

There are at least 5 s sounds.

s	s	Regular s	s
s5	S	Rough s (used a lot in Native American languages)	ɬ
s99	s@	Tense s (used in Korean)	s͈
s44	sQ~	Pharyngealized s (used a lot in Arabic)
s3	sy~	Palatalized s	sʲ

The f sound

There are at least 2 f sounds.

f	f	Regular f	f
f6	F	Soft f (basically blowing out between your lips)	ɸ

The v sound

There are at least 2 v sounds.

v	v	Regular v	v
v3	V	Soft v (pressing just your lips softly together, or lips and teeth)	β

The z sound

There are at least 3 z sounds.

z	z	Regular z	z
z44	zQ~	Pharyngealized z, (used mainly in Arabic words)
z6	Z	Rough z (used in some Southern African languages)	ɮ

The j sound

There are at least 3 j sounds.

j	j	Regular j (as in "measure")	ʒ
j5	jy~	Palatalized j sound	ʒʲ
j4	J	Retroflex j	ʐ

The sh sound

There are at least 3 sh sounds.

x	x	Regular sh	ʃ
x4	X	Retroflex sh	ʂ
x5	xy~	Palatalized sh	ʃʲ ɕ

The th sound

There are at least 3 th sounds.

c	c	Voiceless th (like English "think")	θ
C	C	Voiced th (like English "the")	ð
C66	CQ~	Pharyngealized voiced th (used in Arabic)

The y sound

There is at least 1 y sound. Notice the English y and yyy have a similar shape, although the Tone yyy is like a Tone OOO with a tail.

Regular y

The w sound

There is at least 1 w sound. Notice the English w and www have a similar shape.

Regular w

The ' sound

There are at least 2 ' sounds. This is a glottal stop in its base form.

'	'	Regular ', used a lot in Hebrew and Arabic, amongst other languages	ʔ
'3	'~	Silent transition sound	.

The l sound

There are at least 4 l sounds.

l	l	Regular l	l
l3	L	Retroflex l (used a lot in Indian languages)	ɭ
l^0	lh!	Voiceless l (used often in Welsh)
l66	lQ~	Pharyngealized l, (used mainly in Arabic words)

The r sound

There are at least 5 r sounds.

r	r	Regular r (trilled or flap)	ɾ
r5	R	Retroflex r (used in some Indian languages)	ɽ
G	G	Velar r like the French r sound	ɣ ʁ
r%	rh~	Aspirated regular r
r5%	Rh~	Aspirated retroflex r