This is a quick cheat sheet for the sounds found in Welsh.
There are at least 4 i sounds in Welsh. In terms of all possible i sounds, there is the basic most common i sound, the secondary i sound, and the tertiary i sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.
| i | i | Like "ee" sound. | i |
| I | I | Like "ih" in "pit". | ɪ |
| i% | i_ | Long "ee" sound. | iː |
| i%5 | i$_ | Long German i sound. | yː ɨː |
There are at least 3 e sounds in Welsh. In terms of all possible e sounds, there is the basic most common e sound, the secondary e sound, and the tertiary e sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.
| e | e | Like "day" sound. | e |
| E | E | Like "eh" in "pet". | ɛ |
| e% | e_ | Long "day" sound. | eː |
There are at least 2 a sounds in Welsh. In terms of all possible a sounds, there is the basic most common a sound, the secondary a sound, and the tertiary a sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.
| a | a | Like "ah" in father sound. | a ɑ ä |
| a% | a_ | Long "ah" sound. | aː |
There are at least 4 o sounds in Welsh. In terms of all possible o sounds, there is the basic most common o sound, the secondary o sound, and the tertiary o sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.
| o | o | Like "oh" sound. | o |
| O | O | Like "uuh" in "book" sound. | ʊ ɯ |
| 1 | o$ | British oah sound. | ɔ |
| o% | o_ | Long "oh" sound. | oː |
There are at least 3 u sounds in Welsh. In terms of all possible u sounds, there is the basic most common u sound, the secondary u sound, and the tertiary u sound, as well as long and nasal forms of each.
| u | u | Like "oo" in "you" sound. | u |
| U | U | Like "uh" in "up" sound. | ə ɞ ɐ ɘ ʌ |
| u% | u_ | Long "oo" sound. | uː |
There is at least 1 m sound in Welsh. Notice the English m and mm have a similar shape.
| m | m | Regular m | m |
There is at least 1 n sound in Welsh. Notice the English n and nn have a similar shape.
| n | n | Regular n | n |
There is at least 1 q sound in Welsh.
| q | q | Regular ng | ŋ ɴ |
There is at least 1 g sound in Welsh.
| g | g | Regular g | ɡ ɢ |
There is at least 1 d sound in Welsh. Notice the English d and dd have a similar shape.
| d | d | Regular d | d |
There is at least 1 b sound in Welsh. Notice the English b and bb have a similar shape.
| b | b | Regular b | b |
There is at least 1 p sound in Welsh.
| p | p | Regular p | p |
There is at least 1 t sound in Welsh.
| t | t | Regular t | t |
There is at least 1 k sound in Welsh.
| k | k | Regular k | k |
There are at least 2 h sounds in Welsh.
| h | h | Regular h | h |
| h5 | H | Harsh h (used in Hebrew/Arabic a lot) | χ |
There is at least 1 y sound in Welsh. Notice the English y and yy have a similar shape, although the Tone yy is like a Tone OO with a tail.
| y | y | Regular y | j |
There is at least 1 w sound in Welsh. Notice the English w and ww have a similar shape.
| w | w | Regular w | w |
There is at least 1 sh sound in Welsh.
| x | x | Regular sh | ʃ |
There is at least 1 v sound in Welsh.
| v | v | Regular v | v |
There is at least 1 f sound in Welsh.
| f | f | Regular f | f |
There is at least 1 l sound in Welsh.
| l | l | Regular l | l |
There are at least 2 s sounds in Welsh.
| s | s | Regular s | s |
| s5 | S | Rough s (used a lot in Native American languages) | ɬ |
There is at least 1 z sound in Welsh.
| z | z | Regular z | z |
There are at least 2 th sounds in Welsh.
| c | c | Voiceless th (like English "think") | θ |
| C | C | Voiced th (like English "the") | ð |
There is at least 1 dj sound in Welsh.
| dj | dj | Regular dj (as in "judge") | dʒ |
There is at least 1 ch sound in Welsh.
| tx | tx | Regular ch sound (like English "chip") | tʃ |