Hindi uses at least 2 scripts, Devanagari like Sanskrit, or Arabic like Urdu, plus there are many romanization schemes. But because it uses Devanagari, word pronunciations are accurately reflected in the writings.
Here are the 30 fundamental consonants used when speaking Hindi.
For a complete list of possible consonants a human voice might make while speaking a natural language, check out the consonants page.
This language has aspirated consonants.
| bilabial | labiodental | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | velar | uvular | pharyngeal | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voiced nasal | |||||||||||
| quiet plosive | |||||||||||
| quiet aspirated plosive | |||||||||||
| voiced plosive | |||||||||||
| quiet sibilant fricative | |||||||||||
| voiced sibilant fricative | |||||||||||
| quiet non-sibilant fricative | |||||||||||
| voiced non-sibilant fricative | |||||||||||
| voiced approximant | |||||||||||
| voiced tap | |||||||||||
| voiced trill | |||||||||||
| voiced lateral approximant |
These are the 11 base vowels used when speaking Hindi.
Also, a complete list of possible vowels a human voice might make while speaking can be found here.
| manner | front unrounded | front rounded | front central unrounded | front central rounded | central unrounded | central rounded | back central unrounded | back central rounded | back unrounded | back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | |||||||||||
| near-close | |||||||||||
| close-mid | |||||||||||
| mid | |||||||||||
| open-mid | |||||||||||
| near-open | |||||||||||
| open |